| Empty modela | Full modelb |  |
---|---|---|---|
Measures of association | Â | Â | Â |
Individual-level | Â | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
Country | Â | Â | Â |
  Liberia |  | 0.45 (0.16, 1.33) | 0.149 |
  Uganda |  | 0.44 (0.21, 0.90) | 0.025 |
  Nigeria |  | 1 (reference) |  |
  Ghana |  | 1.62 (0.96, 2.74) | 0.068 |
  Zimbabwe |  | 1.71 (1.14, 2.57) | 0.009 |
  Zambia |  | 2.48 (1.53, 4.02) | 0.001 |
Marital Status | Â | Â | Â |
  Never married |  | 1 (reference) |  |
  Currently married |  | 2.03 (1.29, 3.19) | 0.002 |
  Formerly married |  | 5.97 (2.55, 13.94) | 0.001 |
Education | Â | Â | Â |
  No education |  | 0.16 (0.07, 0.39) | 0.001 |
  Primary |  | 0.84 (0.58, 1.21) | 0.349 |
  Secondary or higher |  | 1 (reference) |  |
Occupation | Â | Â | Â |
  Not working |  | 1 (reference) |  |
  Working |  | 2.05 (1.48, 2.83) | 0.001 |
Wealth status | Â | Â | Â |
  Poorest |  | 1.50 (0.70, 3.23) | 0.297 |
  Poorer |  | 1.00 (0.51, 1.96) | 0.998 |
  Middle |  | 0.82 (0.44, 1.55) | 0.548 |
  Richer |  | 1.07 (0.61, 1.89) | 0.807 |
  Richest |  | 1 (reference) |  |
Community-level | Â | Â | Â |
  Average household size |  | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.091 |
  Ethnic diversity |  | 0.90 (0.57, 1.40) | 0.629 |
Poverty rate | Â | 0.96 (0.61, 1.51) | 0.861 |
Family disruption | Â | 1.57 (1.14, 2.16) | 0.006 |
Urban (versus rural) | Â | 0.82 (0.51, 1.32) | 0.413 |
Residential instability | Â | 1 (reference) | Â |
Measures of variation | Â | Â | Â |
Community-level | Â | Â | Â |
  Variance (SE) | 0.74 (0.31) | 0.33 (0.27) |  |
  ICC (%) | 18.3 | 9.1 |  |
  Explained variation (%) | Reference | 54.1 |  |