Correlates of out-of-pocket and catastrophic health expenditures in Tanzania: results from a national household survey

Table 4 Factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure in the households of Tanzania (n = 3265)

Explanatory variables	Bivariate statistics^a		Multivariate statistics^b
	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value
Age(in years) of the household head	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.06	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.14
Women being household head	1.04 (0.84, 1.27)	0.73	1.05 (0.85, 1.30)	0.61
Household head without formal education	1.26 (0.97, 1.64)	0.08	0.80 (0.59, 1.08)	0.15
Household head being manual laborer	1.75 (1.28, 2.39)	<0.001	1.54 (1.11, 2.12)	0.01
Household size more than 5	2.15 (1.77, 2.61)	<0.001	1.68 (1.37, 2.07)	<0.001
Asset Index^c	0.83 (0.67, 1.03)	0.09	0.78 (0.62, 0.98)	0.03
Household member with functional disability	1.61 (1.29, 2.02)	0.04	1.19 (0.93, 1.51)	0.15
Violence against women	1.80 (1.36, 2.39)	<0.001	1.41 (1.05, 1.91)	0.02
Household member affected with chronic disease	2.01 (1.50, 2.68)	<0.001	1.92 (1.43, 2.58)	<0.001
Traditional healer visits of the household	5.17 (3.01, 8.86)	<0.001	3.38 (1.96, 5.81)	<0.001

^aSurvey logistic regression models with catastrophic health expenditure as the dependent variable; ^bAdjusted for bivariate significant covariates with, catastrophic health expenditure as the dependent variable; ^cAsset Index constructed with Principal Component Analysis, coded as 0 = low household asset index, 1 = high household asset index.

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