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Health and human rights of marginalized populations

This section considers studies regarding the health and human rights of members of marginalized populations, including sexual and gender minorities, children, migrants, ethnic minorities, refugees, displaced people, commercial sex workers, injection drug users, and other marginalized populations.

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  1. Migrant women are over-represented in the sex industry, and migrant sex workers experience disproportionate health inequities, including those related to health access, HIV and sexually transmitted infections ...

    Authors: Shira M. Goldenberg, Teresita Rocha Jiménez, Kimberly C. Brouwer, Sonia Morales Miranda and Jay G. Silverman
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2018 18:9
  2. Nepal is a key supplier of labour for countries in the Middle East, India and Malaysia. As many more men than women leave Nepal to work abroad, female migrant workers are a minority and very much under-researc...

    Authors: Padam Simkhada, Edwin van Teijlingen, Manju Gurung and Sharada P. Wasti
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2018 18:4
  3. Slum dwellers display specific traits when it comes to disclosing their illnesses to professionals. The resulting actions lead to poor health-seeking behaviour and underutilisation of existing formal health fa...

    Authors: Moumita Das, Federica Angeli, Anja J. S. M. Krumeich and Onno C. P. van Schayck
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2018 18:3
  4. Albinism is an inherited condition with a relatively high prevalence in populations throughout sub-Saharan Africa. People with oculocutaneous albinism have little or no pigment in their hair, skin and eyes; th...

    Authors: Anita Franklin, Patricia Lund, Caroline Bradbury-Jones and Julie Taylor
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2018 18:2
  5. Globally, one of the key groups considered to be at high risk of acquiring HIV are transgender women, often a marginalised group. In the Malaysian context there has been a scarcity of published research relati...

    Authors: Sima Barmania and Syed Mohamed Aljunid
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:30
  6. Traditional media and the internet are crucial sources of health information. Media can significantly shape public opinion, knowledge and understanding of emerging and endemic health threats. As digital commun...

    Authors: Jessica S. Schwind, Stephanie A. Norman, Dibesh Karmacharya, David J. Wolking, Sameer M. Dixit, Rajesh M. Rajbhandari, Sumiko R. Mekaru and John S. Brownstein
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:26
  7. Internal labour migration is an important and necessary livelihood strategy for millions of individuals and households in India. However, the precarious position of migrant workers within Indian society may ha...

    Authors: Warren Dodd, Sally Humphries, Kirit Patel, Shannon Majowicz, Matthew Little and Cate Dewey
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:23
  8. The United Nations has called for countries to improve access to mobility devices when needed. The World Health Organization has published guidelines on the provision of manual wheelchairs in less-resourced se...

    Authors: Emma Williams, Elizabeth Hurwitz, Immaculate Obaga, Brenda Onguti, Adovich Rivera, Tyrone Reden L. Sy, R. Lee Kirby, Jamie Noon, Deepti Tanuku, Anthony Gichangi and Eva Bazant
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:22
  9. Obstetric fistula is a childbirth injury caused by prolonged obstructed labor that results in destruction of the tissue wall between the vagina and bladder. Although obstetric fistula is directly caused by pro...

    Authors: Julika Ayla Kaplan, Jonathan Kandodo, Joseph Sclafani, Susan Raine, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby, Alison Norris, Abigail Norris-Turner, Elly Chemey, John Michael Beckham, Zara Khan and Reginald Chunda
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:17
  10. Sexual orientation and gender identity are social determinants of health for people identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT), and health disparities among sexual and gender minority populat...

    Authors: Alex Müller
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:16
  11. The Thai government ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2008, and the first progress report by the State Party was issued in 2012. This study assesses ...

    Authors: Donruedee Srisuppaphon, Arnon Sriboonroj, Wachara Riewpaiboon and Viroj Tangcharoensathien
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:15
  12. Based on an analysis of published literature, this paper provides an over-view of the challenges associated with delivering on the right to access quality health care for international migrants to industrializ...

    Authors: Bilkis Vissandjée, Wendy E. Short and Karine Bates
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:10
  13. Wars and violent domestic conflicts have forced millions of people to move outside their homes. Meeting the basic health needs of those people requires an understanding of research activity and research output...

    Authors: Waleed M. Sweileh
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:7
  14. Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a significant aspect of adolescents’ growth, safeguarded by SRH rights (SRHR). Despite various global efforts to promote adolescents SRHR (ASRHR), the majority of adoles...

    Authors: Sarosh Iqbal, Rubeena Zakar, Muhammad Zakria Zakar and Florian Fischer
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:5
  15. Underreporting of childhood sexual abuse is a major barrier to obtaining reliable prevalence estimates. We tested the sensitivity and specificity of the face-to-face-interview (FTFI) method by comparing the nu...

    Authors: Anna Louise Barr, Louise Knight, Ivan Franҫa-Junior, Elizabeth Allen, Dipak Naker and Karen M. Devries
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:4
  16. The cause-specific under-five mortality of Bangladesh has been studied by fitting cumulative incidence function (CIF) based Fine and Gray competing risk regression model (1999). For the purpose of analysis, Ba...

    Authors: Khandoker Akib Mohammad, Most. Fatima-Tuz-Zahura and Wasimul Bari
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:3
  17. Young street hawkers in Burkina Faso are increasingly exposed to workplace hazards such as physical and sexual abuse, and also unsafe sexual practices. The objectives of this study were to identify the socio-d...

    Authors: Saide Yacine Y.A. Ouédraogo, Ebrima J. Sisawo and Song-Lih Huang
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2017 17:1
  18. Until recently, paediatric tuberculosis (TB) has been relatively neglected by the broader TB and the maternal and child health communities. Human rights-based approaches to children affected by TB could be pow...

    Authors: Robindra Basu Roy, Nicola Brandt, Nicolette Moodie, Mitra Motlagh, Kumanan Rasanathan, James A. Seddon, Anne K. Detjen and Beate Kampmann
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:32
  19. Despite a large body of evidence globally demonstrating that the criminalization of sex workers increases HIV/STI risks, we know far less about the impact of criminalization and policing of managers and in-cal...

    Authors: S. Anderson, K. Shannon, J. Li, Y. Lee, J. Chettiar, S. Goldenberg and A. Krüsi
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:30
  20. HIV prevention interventions recognize the need to protect the rights of key populations and support them to claim their rights as a vulnerability reduction strategy. This study explores knowledge of human rig...

    Authors: Deepika Ganju, Sangram Kishor Patel, Parimi Prabhakar and Rajatashurva Adhikary
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:29
  21. Women who engage in sex work are at risk for experiencing violence from numerous perpetrators, including paying partners. Empirical evidence has shown mixed results regarding the impact of participation in mic...

    Authors: Laura Cordisco Tsai, Catherine E. Carlson, Toivgoo Aira, Andrea Norcini Pala, Marion Riedel and Susan S. Witte
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:27
  22. Informal settlements are common throughout the developing world. In Peru, land occupations, commonly “invasions” in Spanish, are a means by which the extremely poor attempt to obtain access to land. Here, we e...

    Authors: Gwenyth O. Lee, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Gabriela Salmón-Mulanovich, Pablo Peñataro Yori and Margaret Kosek
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:26
  23. Arab Americans have a high burden of diabetes and poor outcomes compared to the general U.S. population. Diabetes self-management (DSM) requires a partnership between patients and providers that fosters mutual...

    Authors: Heather Fritz, Rosanne DiZazzo-Miller, Elizabeth A. Bertran, Fredrick D. Pociask, Sandra Tarakji, Judith Arnetz, Catherine L. Lysack and Linda A. Jaber
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:22

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:24

  24. Stigma and discrimination harm the wellbeing of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people and contribute to migration from contexts of sexual persecution and criminalization. Yet LGBT newcomers and ...

    Authors: Carmen H. Logie, Ashley Lacombe-Duncan, Nakia Lee-Foon, Shannon Ryan and Hope Ramsay
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:18
  25. Although health is a right of all individuals without any distinction, the realisation of this right has remained very difficult for the marginalised populations of poor countries. Inequitable distribution of ...

    Authors: John Barugahare and Reidar K. Lie
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:15
  26. Achieving development outcomes requires the inclusion of marginalised populations that have the least opportunity to participate in and benefit from development. Slum dwellers often see little of the ‘urban ad...

    Authors: Martha Morrow, Greg Armstrong, Prarthna Dayal and Michelle Kermode
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:14
  27. Equitable access to health care is a challenge in many low-income countries. The most vulnerable segments of any population face increased challenges, as their vulnerability amplifies problems of the general p...

    Authors: Stine Hellum Braathen, Lifah Sanudi, Leslie Swartz, Thomas Jürgens, Hastings T Banda and Arne Henning Eide
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:12
  28. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights states that the right to health is closely related to, and dependent upon, the realization of other human rights, including the right to food, water, educa...

    Authors: Bernadette Ann-Marie O’Hare, Delan Devakumar and Stephen Allen
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:11
  29. More than 14 % of Ugandan children are orphaned and many live in children’s homes. Ugandan authorities have targeted adolescent girls as a priority group for nutrition interventions as safeguarding nutritional...

    Authors: Line Erikstad Vogt, Byaruhanga Rukooko, Per Ole Iversen and Wenche Barth Eide
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:10
  30. Pre- and post-migration trauma due to forced migration may impact negatively on parents’ ability to care for their children. Little qualitative work has examined Somali-born refugees’ experiences. The aim of t...

    Authors: Fatumo Osman, Marie Klingberg-Allvin, Renée Flacking and Ulla-Karin Schön
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:7
  31. Relatively little research on the issue of child marriage has been conducted in European countries where the overall prevalence of child marriage is relatively low, but relatively high among marginalized ethni...

    Authors: David R. Hotchkiss, Deepali Godha, Anastasia J. Gage and Claudia Cappa
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:6
  32. Conflict and post-conflict communities in sub-Saharan Africa have a high under recognised problem of intimate partner violence (IPV). Part of the reason for this has been the limited data on IPV from conflict ...

    Authors: Eugene Kinyanda, Helen A Weiss, Margaret Mungherera, Patrick Onyango-Mangen, Emmanuel Ngabirano, Rehema Kajungu, Johnson Kagugube, Wilson Muhwezi, Julius Muron and Vikram Patel
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:5
  33. Early childhood development (ECD) is a critical period that continues to impact human health and productivity throughout the lifetime. Failing to provide policies and programs that support optimal developmenta...

    Authors: Agnes Binagwaho, Kirstin W. Scott and Sardis H. Harward
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2016 16:1
  34. Health is intertwined with human rights as is clearly reflected in the right to life. Promotion of health practices in the context of human rights can be accomplished if there is a better understanding of the ...

    Authors: Ronald Wesonga, Abraham Owino, Agnes Ssekiboobo, Leonard Atuhaire and Peter Jehopio
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2015 15:11
  35. Despite the instruments on the right to adequate food adopted by the United Nations, there exists limited information on how this right is perceived. Following a major 2010 landslide disaster in the Bududa dis...

    Authors: Peter M Rukundo, Per O Iversen, Bård A Andreassen, Arne Oshaug, Joyce Kikafunda and Byaruhanga Rukooko
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2015 15:9
  36. Gender norms have been challenged by unmarried rural women’s migration for employment to urban Sri Lankan Free Trade Zones (FTZ). Men are described as looking for sexual experiences among the women workers, wh...

    Authors: Malin Jordal, Kumudu Wijewardena, Ann Öhman, Birgitta Essén and Pia Olsson
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2015 15:3
  37. The quality of care includes several aspects which may be influenced by social-economic status.

    Authors: Chiara de Waure, Stefania Bruno, Giuseppe Furia, Luca Di Sciullo, Serena Carovillano, Maria Lucia Specchia, Salvatore Geraci and Walter Ricciardi
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2015 15:2
  38. There are an estimated 35 million unregistered children in Indonesia. To understand ways to best leverage existing health system-related resources and ensure greater protective measures for these vulnerable ch...

    Authors: Michelle Jackson, Putu Duff, Santi Kusumaningrum and Lindsay Stark
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:306
  39. In spite of global decline in under-five mortality, the goal of achieving MDG 4 still remains largely unattained in low and middle income countries as the year 2015 closes-in. To accelerate the pace of mortali...

    Authors: Edmund Wedam Kanmiki, Ayaga A Bawah, Isaiah Agorinya, Fabian S Achana, John Koku Awoonor-williams, Abraham R Oduro, James F Phillips and James Akazili
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:24
  40. Rape of women and children is recognized as a health and human rights issue in Tanzania and internationally. Exploration of the prevailing perceptions in rural areas is needed in order to expand the understand...

    Authors: Muzdalifat Abeid, Projestine Muganyizi, Pia Olsson, Elisabeth Darj and Pia Axemo
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:23
  41. In the context of a generalized epidemic and criminalization of homosexuality, men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malawi have a disproportionate burden of HIV compared to other adults. Past research has docume...

    Authors: Andrea L Wirtz, Dunker Kamba, Vincent Jumbe, Gift Trapence, Rehana Gubin, Eric Umar, Susanne K Strömdahl, Chris Beyrer and Stefan D Baral
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:20
  42. An estimated 863 million people–a third of the world’s urban population–live in slums, yet there is little information on the disease burden in these settings, particularly regarding chronic preventable diseases.

    Authors: Kristen Heitzinger, Silvia M Montano, Stephen E Hawes, Jorge O Alarcón and Joseph R Zunt
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:19
  43. Myanmar/Burma has received increased development and humanitarian assistance since the election in November 2010. Monitoring the impact of foreign assistance and economic development on health and human rights...

    Authors: Parveen K Parmar, Jade Benjamin-Chung, Linda S Smith, Saw Nay Htoo, Sai Laeng, Aye Lwin, Mahn Mahn, Cynthia Maung, Daniel Reh, Eh Kalu Shwe Oo, Thomas Lee and Adam K Richards
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:15
  44. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to approximately 55 million orphaned children. The growing orphan crisis has overwhelmed many communities and has weakened the ability of extended families to meet traditional care-t...

    Authors: Lonnie Embleton, David Ayuku, Allan Kamanda, Lukoye Atwoli, Samuel Ayaya, Rachel Vreeman, Winstone Nyandiko, Peter Gisore, Julius Koech and Paula Braitstein
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:9
  45. The one-child policy introduced in China in 1979 has led to far-reaching changes in socio-demographic characteristics. Under this policy regime, each household has few children. This study aims to describe the...

    Authors: Jing Hua, Zhe Mu, Bright I Nwaru, Guixiong Gu, Wei Meng and Zhuochun Wu
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:8
  46. Development policymakers and child-care service providers are committed to improving the educational opportunities of the 153 million orphans worldwide. Nevertheless, the relationship between orphanhood and ed...

    Authors: Maya Escueta, Kathryn Whetten, Jan Ostermann and Karen O’Donnell
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:6
  47. Public stigma against family members of people with mental illness is a negative attitude by the public which blame family members for the mental illness of their relatives. Family stigma can result in self so...

    Authors: Eshetu Girma, Anne Maria Möller-Leimkühler, Norbert Müller, Sandra Dehning, Guenter Froeschl and Markos Tesfaye
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2014 14:2
  48. Gender-based violence against women, including intimate partner violence (IPV), is a pervasive health and human rights concern. However, relatively little intervention research has been conducted on how to red...

    Authors: Jhumka Gupta, Kathryn L Falb, Heidi Lehmann, Denise Kpebo, Ziming Xuan, Mazeda Hossain, Cathy Zimmerman, Charlotte Watts and Jeannie Annan
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2013 13:46
  49. In Morocco, the social and legal framework surrounding sexual and reproductive health has transformed greatly in the past decade, especially with the introduction of the new Family Law or Moudawana. Yet, despi...

    Authors: Alexia Sabbe, Halima Oulami, Wahiba Zekraoui, Halima Hikmat, Marleen Temmerman and Els Leye
    Citation: BMC International Health and Human Rights 2013 13:43