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Table 4 Differences perceived by participants on particular codes of importance to public health in their village

From: Improvement in health and empowerment of families as a result of watershed management in a tribal area in India - a qualitative study

Sr. No.

Codes

Watershed management village

Partial watershed management village

Non watershed management village

1

Water availability

Improved up to certain extent

Improving and hope for further improvement

Water scarcity for 5–6 months, no difference

2

Agriculture, income and food

Change in cropping pattern, plantation crops, vegetable crops, income level increasing, improving nutrition

Changing cropping pattern, plantation crops, floriculture, income level increasing, improving nutrition

Rain-fed agriculture, no change in income and nutrition

3

Migration

Migration reduced, mostly men migrated without family for shorter period

Migration reduced, mostly men migrated without family for shorter period

Migration with family is must for most of the families

4

Education level

Increased awareness about children education, girl’s education

Increased awareness about children education, girl’s education

Education is of secondary importance

5

Hygiene and sanitation

Hand washing in practice, fewer number of toilets in use

Hand washing in practice, use of toilets in each house

Less use of water for hygiene and sanitation purpose, no toilets, hand washing mixed opinions

6

Epidemic diseases

Almost no epidemic in last decade but few diarrhoeal cases in rainy seasons

Very low

Diarrhoeal diseases regular in rainy season but under control

7

Self-help groups

More number of groups exist and functioning

Exist and functioning

Tried but failed

8

Domestic violence

Comparatively less

Comparatively less

Comparatively more

9

Hard work of women

Reduced and comparatively less

Comparatively less, still burden of water collection

More burden on women for water and firewood collection

10

Alcoholism in men

Exists but reduced and under control

Very low

Exists, troublesome to women and society and not under control

11

Availability of firewood

Increased

Hope to generate in own field

No difference, extra burden of work on women

12

Utilization of health service, modern medicine

More active and time conscious

More active

Comparatively less active, opt for traditional measures and have income and infrastructural obstacles