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Table 1 Characteristics of households caring for orphaned and separated children participating in the OSCAR Health and Well-Being Study (N = 300)
| Characteristics | CT N = 101 | DSL N = 110 | SSL N = 89 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Sources of material support | ||||
| Family | 50 (49.5) | 28 (25.5) | 38 (42.7) | 0.010 |
| Government | 102 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Religious institutions | 4 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.4) | xx |
| Individual sponsors/ well wishers | 15 (14.9) | 11 (10.0) | 22 (24.7) | 0.018 |
| Formal employment | 2 (2.0) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (1.1) | 0.889 |
| Farming | 50 (48.5) | 57 (51.8) | 52 (58.4) | 0.384 |
| Brew/sell alcohol | 1 (1.0) | 5 (4.6) | 4 (4.5) | 0.273 |
| Sell vegetables | 23 (22.8) | 17 (15.5) | 18 (20.2) | 0.392 |
| Casual labour | 17 (16.8) | 31 (28.2) | 32 (36.0) | 0.011 |
| No external support | 6 (5.9) | 73 (66.4) | 29 (32.6) | <0.001 |
| Shelter type | ||||
| Temporary | 47 (46.5) | 46 (41.8) | 37 (41.6) | 0.785 |
| Semi-permanent | 49 (48.5) | 58 (52.7) | 49 (55.1) | |
| Permanent | 3 (3.0) | 6 (5.5) | 2 (2.3) | |
| Missing | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Electricity in home | ||||
| In whole building | 7 (6.9) | 13 (11.8) | 2 (2.3) | 0.045 |
| In some rooms | 2 (2.0) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (3.4) | |
| None | 89 (88.1) | 96 (87.3) | 83 (93.3) | |
| Missing | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Source of water | ||||
| Stream/river | 12 (11.9) | 8 (7.3) | 16 (18.0) | 0.069 |
| Well/borehole | 74 (73.3) | 88 (80.0) | 58 (65.2) | 0.063 |
| Public tap | 13 (12.9) | 20 (18.2) | 17 (19.1) | 0.447 |
| Water piped into home | 8 (7.9) | 9 (8.2) | 4 (4.5) | 0.542 |
| Toilet facilities | ||||
| Pit latrine | 92 (91.1) | 104 (96.4) | 83 (93.3) | 0.2125 |
| Indoor flush toilet | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Pit latrine/ Indoor flush toilet | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| No toilet facilities | 9 (8.9) | 4 (3.6) | 5 (5.6) | |
| Amount of land owned | ||||
| None | 31(30.7) | 38 (34.6) | 11 (12.4) | 0.005 |
| Up to 1 acre | 32 (31.7) | 33 (30.0) | 29 (32.6) | |
| >1 acre | 28 (27.7) | 35 (31.8) | 38 (42.7) | |
| Missing | 10 (9.9) | 4 (3.6) | 11 (12.4) | |
| Average number of meals per day | ||||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 2.74 (0.44) | 2.80 (0.40) | 2.67 (0.49) | 0.181 |
| Essential material possessions | ||||
| Children having ≥ 1 pair of shoes | 86 (85.2) | 87 (80.6) | 76 (85.4) | 0.573 |
| Children having ≥ 2 pairs of clothes | 77 (76.2) | 104 (94.6) | 78 (87.6) | 0.001 |
| Children having ≥ 1 blanket | 22 (22.2) | 25 (23.2) | 22 (25.0) | 0.902 |
| Proportion of household income spent on food | ||||
| Expressed as percent | 69% | 67% | 83% | 0.183 |
| Household location | ||||
| Rural | 49 (48.5) | 61 (55.5) | 52 (58.4) | 0.364 |
| Peri-urban | 52 (51.5) | 49 (44.6) | 37 (41.6) | |
