Adverse childhood experiences, psychosocial well-being and cognitive development among orphans and abandoned children in five low income countries

Table 3 OLS estimate of topscore predicted by total difficulties

VARIABLES	Cambodia	Ethiopia	Hyderabad	Kenya	Nagaland	Tanzania	ALL SITES§
	Topscore	Topscore	Topscore	Topscore	Topscore	Topscore	Topscore
Total difficulties	-0.09**	-0.09*	-0.01	-0.07**	-0.11**	-0.08**	-0.09**
	(0.03)	(0.04)	(0.02)	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.01)	(0.01)
Age in months	-0.01	0.01	-0.01*	0	-0.03**	0	-0.01
	(0.01)	(0.01)	(0.01)	(0.01)	0.00	0.00	(0.01)
Female	-1.20**	-0.24	0.07	-0.68**	-0.14	0	-0.36
	(0.25)	(0.22)	(0.17)	(0.22)	(0.15)	(0.14)	(0.17)
Single orphan	-0.09	-0.48	-0.26	0	0.09	-0.24	-0.1
	(0.34)	(0.42)	(0.23)	(0.27)	(0.19)	(0.20)	(0.09)
Double orphan	-0.56	-0.41	-0.51	-0.45	0.43	0.08	-0.08
	(0.44)	(0.46)	(0.34)	(0.41)	(0.41)	(0.23)	(0.14)
Abandoned	0.36	-0.39	-0.17	0.28	0.18	0.85	-0.03
	(0.83)	(0.55)	(0.25)	(0.57)	(0.40)	(0.66)	(0.11)
Illiterate caregiver	-0.01	-0.13	0	-0.56*	0.02	-0.36*	-0.16
	(0.28)	(0.22)	(0.18)	(0.23)	(0.15)	(0.18)	(0.09)
Wealth index	0.80**	-0.03	0.22	0.46*	0.1	0.13	0.31*
	(0.26)	(0.21)	(0.24)	(0.18)	(0.14)	(0.11)	(0.11)
Constant	10.00**	7.12**	8.69**	7.96**	10.05**	7.35**	9.07**
	(1.26)	(1.31)	(1.08)	(1.19)	(0.69)	(0.75)	(0.52)
Observations	371	390	675	569	543	553	3,101
R-squared	0.14	0.09	0.4	0.07	0.22	0.22	0.34

Robust standard errors in parentheses **p<0.01, *p<0.05.
§Model also included site level and round level fixed effects (not shown) Table 3. OLS Estimate of Topscore Predicted By Total Difficulties.