Table 1 Diseases that are chronic or associated with chronic conditions whose complications or end-stage outcomes require long-term medical intervention by the formal health sector services.
Disease or condition | Complications or end-stage outcomes requiring formal health sector intervention |
|---|---|
Chronic non-infectious diseases | |
Hypertension | Stroke; cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure; kidney failure |
Diabetes | Kidney failure requiring transplantation or dialysis; chronic infection (foot ulcer, osteomyelitis); acute recurrent infections (urinary tract infection, bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia); blindness; sexual dysfunction |
Asthma | Respiratory infection, respiratory failure |
Ignored injuries (intentional or unintentional) | Chronic infection (osteomyelitis, non-healing wounds); limb deformity affecting ambulation, manual dexterity; long-term or permanent brain injury |
Mental illnesses | Consequences of attempted suicide or homicide; violence; intractable behavior; restricted self-care |
Reproductive health problems | Sterility; unwanted pregnancy; peripartum complications; congenital complications of infection (toxoplasmosis, CMV) |
Chronic infectious diseases | |
Tuberculosis, latent TB infection | Late-stage TB; Multidrug resistant TB |
Hepatitis B, C | Liver cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma |
HIV infection | AIDS; opportunistic diseases |
Acute infectious disease with chronic outcomes | |
Sexually-transmitted infection | Reproductive diseases; AIDS |
Skin lesion and superinfection | Bacterial superinfection; kidney failure due to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
Untreated bacterial pharyngitis; acute rheumatic fever | Post-streptococcal rheumatic heart disease requiring valve replacement |
Behavior and habits | |
Tobacco use | Cardiovascular diseases, cancer |
Alcohol abuse | Liver failure, cirrhosis, unintentional injuries |
Illicit drug use | HIV/AIDS; hepatitis B, C; endocarditis, unintentional injuries |