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Table 1 Household- and child-level characteristics and unadjusted associations with birth certificate ownership among 451 children in East and West Nusa Tenggara (NTT and NTB)

From: Thriving beyond survival: Understanding utilization of perinatal health services as predictors of birth registration: A cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Total n = 451 (100%)

Yes BC n = 124 (27.5%)

No BC n = 327 (72.5%)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Respondent’s sex †

 Male

117 (25.7%)

32 (27.6%)

84 (72.4%)

1.04 (0.64 – 1.69)

 Female

335 (74.3%)

92 (27.5%)

243 (72.5%)

REF

Respondent’s age, median years (IQR)

31.0 (27–37)

32.0 (28–38)

31.0 (27–37)

1.00 (0.98-1.02)

Child’s age, mean years (IQR)**

2.0 (1–3)

2.37 (1–3)

1.83 (0.8-3)

1.06 (1.03 - 1.10)

Respondent married†*

410 (90.9%)

119 (29.2%)

288 (70.8%)

3.52 (1.20 - 10.27)

Child’s sex ‡

 Male**

235 (47.9%)

63 (27.0%)

170 (73.0%)

0.91 (0.60 – 1.38)

 Female**

216 (52.1%)

59 (27.7%)

154 (72.3%)

REF

Respondent education level †

 High school or higher**

111 (24.6%)

54 (48.6%)

57 (51.4%)

14.03 (4.08 - 48.18)

 Middle School**

100 (22.0%)

28 (28.0%)

72 (72.0%)

5.83 (1.66 - 20.49)

 Primary School*

193 (42.5%)

39 (20.5%)

151 (79.5%)

3.87 (1.37 - 13.18)

 No School

48 (10.6%)

3 (6.3%)

45 (93.8%)

REF

Respondent ever attended school†

421 (93.3%)

122 (29.0%)

299 (71.0%)

5.53 (1.29 - 23.78)

Respondent literate†**

399 (88.7%)

120 (30.1%)

279 (69.9%)

6.69 (2.03 - 22.04)

Province ‡

 West Nusa Tenggara

227 (50.3%)

91 (40.1%)

136 (59.9%)

REF

 East Nusa Tenggara**

224 (49.7%)

33 (14.7%)

191 (85.3%)

3.88 (2.42 - 6.23)

Religion ‡

 Muslim**

227 (50.3%)

90 (39.6%)

137 (60.4%)

REF

 Catholic**

159 (35.3%)

28 (17.6%)

131 (82.4%)

0.33 (0.20 - 0.54)

 Protestant

55 (12.2%)

5 (9.1%)

50 (90.9%)

0.15 (0.06 - 0.39)

 Other

10 (2.2%)

1 (10.0%)

9 (90.0%)

0.19 (0.02 - 1.15)

Payment for health services‡

 Other**

23 (5.1%)

13 (56.6%)

10 (43.5%)

7.82 (2.44 - 20.05)

 Out of pocket**

256 (57.0%)

83 (32.4%)

173 (67.6%)

2.95 (1.76 - 4.95)

 JAMKESMAS

166 (36.6%)

24 (14.5%)

142 (85.5%)

REF

  1. *Statistically significant at p < 0.05.
  2. **Statistically significant at p < 0.01.
  3. †While 389 Households are included in this sample, these figures refer to an individual child’s caregiver or head-of-household and may be counted multiple times adjusted through Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE).
  4. ‡Child-level demographics out of the total sample of 451 children <5 years.