Table 1 Types of war trauma reported by primary and secondary survivors

Threats (against the victim, victim's family, or friends)

x

x

Collective punishments other than mass roundup or curfew

x

x

Displacement

x

x

Restriction on travel

x

x

Restriction on the practice of religion

x

x

Looting; theft

x

x

Confiscation of property

x

x

Extortion

x

x

Destruction of property

x

x

Land expropriation

x

x

Direct actions which violate the right to adequate housing

x

x

Direct actions which violate the right to adequate food

x

x

Denial of appropriate health treatment

x

x

Direct actions which violate the right to education

x

x

Banning/restrictions on the use of a particular language

x

x

Banning/restrictions on certain cultural practices

x

x

Shooting as a method of indiscriminate attack

x

x

Bombing as a method of indiscriminate attack

x

x

Arson as a method of indiscriminate attack

x

x

Other methods of indiscriminate attack

x

x

Widespread community fear^a

x

x

Systematic destruction/burning of house or village^a

x

x

Exposure to dead bodies^a

x

x

Orphaned in the context of war^a

x

x

Injury caused by landmine^a

x

x

Fear of Thai police or deportation from Thailand^a

x

x

Harm or killing in the context of war^a

x

x

Death of a noncombatant in a crossfire

x

Killing in indiscriminate attacks such as bombing

x