From: Socioeconomic determinants of birth registration in Ghana
Explanatory factors | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI |
Child age-months | 1.07** | [1.05,1.10] | 1.08** | [1.06,1.11] | 1.08** | [1.06,1.11] | 1.08** | [1.06,1.11] | 1.08** | [1.06,1.11] | 1.11** | [1.07,1.14] |
Child age squared | 1.00** | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00** | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00** | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00** | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00** | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00** | [1.00,1.00] |
Maternal educationa | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primary | 1.57** | [1.15,2.14] | 1.58** | [1.16,2.16] | 1.56** | [1.15,2.12] | 1.61** | [1.19,2.20] | 1.60** | [1.17,2.18] | 1.54* | [1.05,2.27] |
Middle/JSS | 1.80** | [1.30,2.48] | 1.82** | [1.32,2.52] | 1.88** | [1.37,2.60] | 1.88** | [1.36,2.59] | 1.84** | [1.33,2.54] | 2.06** | [1.37,3.12] |
Secondary plus | 1.70+ | [0.92,3.12] | 1.72+ | [0.94,3.17] | 1.80+ | [0.97,3.34] | 1.74+ | [0.94,3.21] | 1.72+ | [0.94,3.18] | 1.13 | [0.53,2.43] |
Paternal educationa | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primary | 1.37+ | [0.97,1.94] | 1.41+ | [1.00,1.99] | 1.42* | [1.01,2.01] | 1.42* | [1.00,2.00] | 1.40+ | [0.99,1.98] | 1.34 | [0.89,2.03] |
Middle/JSS | 1.66** | [1.20,2.28] | 1.71** | [1.24,2.34] | 1.66** | [1.21,2.28] | 1.70** | [1.24,2.34] | 1.70** | [1.23,2.33] | 1.55* | [1.04,2.30] |
Secondary plus | 1.61* | [1.04,2.48] | 1.69* | [1.10,2.60] | 1.64* | [1.07,2.53] | 1.68* | [1.09,2.59] | 1.68* | [1.09,2.59] | 1.94* | [1.14,3.30] |
Wealth statusb | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Below average | 1.48** | [1.11,1.96] | 1.54** | [1.16,2.04] | 1.54** | [1.16,2.04] | 1.53** | [1.15,2.03] | 1.53** | [1.15,2.03] | 1.42* | [1.01,2.00] |
Average | 3.49** | [2.41,5.06] | 3.62** | [2.50,5.24] | 3.76** | [2.59,5.45] | 3.68** | [2.54,5.32] | 3.61** | [2.50,5.22] | 3.23** | [2.06,5.09] |
Above average | 3.00** | [1.99,4.53] | 3.12** | [2.07,4.71] | 3.22** | [2.13,4.85] | 3.17** | [2.10,4.79] | 3.11** | [2.06,4.70] | 2.98** | [1.78,5.00] |
Highest | 7.87** | [4.53,13.67] | 8.17** | [4.70,14.21] | 8.19** | [4.70,14.26] | 8.13** | [4.67,14.16] | 8.13** | [4.68,14.13] | 5.39** | [2.68,10.84] |
Type of residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Urban | 1.38* | [1.02,1.87] | 1.41* | [1.04,1.91] | 1.40* | [1.04,1.90] | 1.38* | [1.02,1.87] | 1.40* | [1.03,1.89] | 1.34 | [0.91,1.97] |
Child sex | Â | Â | 0.97 | [0.79,1.19] | 0.97 | [0.79,1.19] | 0.97 | [0.79,1.19] | 0.97 | [0.79,1.19] | 1.10 | [0.85,1.42] |
Region c | 0.96 | [0.78,1.18] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Western | Â | Â | 1.50 | [0.92,2.45] | 1.48 | [0.90,2.44] | 1.46 | [0.89,2.39] | 1.47 | [0.90,2.41] | 1.60 | [0.87,2.94] |
Central | 1.48 | [0.90,2.42] | 1.82* | [1.10,3.02] | 1.85* | [1.11,3.07] | 1.84* | [1.11,3.05] | 1.82* | [1.10,3.01] | 2.15* | [1.11,4.18] |
Greater Accra | 1.77* | [1.07,2.93] | 1.45 | [0.83,2.54] | 1.48 | [0.84,2.62] | 1.46 | [0.84,2.56] | 1.45 | [0.83,2.53] | 1.55 | [0.77,3.11] |
Volta | 1.45 | [0.83,2.54] | 2.07** | [1.23,3.48] | 2.15** | [1.28,3.64] | 2.07** | [1.23,3.49] | 2.06** | [1.23,3.46] | 2.51** | [1.30,4.85] |
Eastern | 2.16** | [1.28,3.65] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] |
Ashanti | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.61* | [1.01,2.56] | 1.62* | [1.01,2.59] | 1.59+ | [0.99,2.54] | 1.59+ | [1.00,2.54] | 1.95* | [1.10,3.48] |
Brong-Ahafo | 1.58+ | [0.99,2.52] | 1.74* | [1.06,2.86] | 1.84* | [1.11,3.04] | 1.74* | [1.06,2.85] | 1.74* | [1.06,2.86] | 2.25* | [1.18,4.29] |
Northern | 1.72* | [1.05,2.83] | 4.16** | [2.55,6.79] | 4.18** | [2.55,6.86] | 4.23** | [2.59,6.92] | 4.15** | [2.54,6.78] | 5.30** | [2.91,9.66] |
Upper East | 4.12** | [2.52,6.74] | 7.97** | [4.69,13.54] | 8.39** | [4.89,14.38] | 8.06** | [4.73,13.73] | 8.01** | [4.71,13.62] | 11.31** | [5.78,22.11] |
Upper West | 7.70** | [4.52,13.09] | 4.94** | [2.90,8.39] | 5.16** | [3.00,8.85] | 4.94** | [2.90,8.42] | 4.88** | [2.87,8.31] | 5.25** | [2.75,10.06] |
Religion of head of householdd | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Christian | 1.15 | [0.78,1.69] | 1.15 | [0.78,1.70] | 1.17 | [0.79,1.72] | 1.16 | [0.79,1.71] | 1.15 | [0.78,1.70] | 0.84 | [0.52,1.36] |
Moslem | 1.95** | [1.28,2.97] | 2.00** | [1.32,3.04] | 2.00** | [1.31,3.04] | 1.99** | [1.31,3.03] | 2.00** | [1.32,3.04] | 1.49 | [0.89,2.48] |
Traditional | 0.70 | [0.43,1.15] | 0.73 | [0.45,1.18] | 0.72 | [0.44,1.17] | 0.73 | [0.45,1.19] | 0.74 | [0.45,1.19] | 0.57+ | [0.31,1.06] |
Spiritualist | 1.74+ | [0.92,3.28] | 1.75+ | [0.93,3.28] | 1.79+ | [0.97,3.29] | 1.78+ | [0.95,3.32] | 1.76+ | [0.94,3.28] | 1.36 | [0.64,2.88] |
Vaccination | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Marital status e | 5.64** | [2.18,14.58] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Formerly married | Â | Â | 0.09 | [0.00,2.18] | 0.09 | [0.00,2.02] | 0.09 | [0.00,2.11] | 0.09 | [0.00,2.11] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] |
Never married | 0.09 | [0.00,2.16] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] |
Mother’s age (single years)f | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.01 | [0.99,1.02] |  |  |  |  | 1.07 | [0.94,1.23] |  |  |
Age cohort | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
20-24 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.69 | [0.57,4.99] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
25-29 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2.68+ | [0.92,7.81] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
30-34 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.75 | [0.60,5.10] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
35-39 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2.45 | [0.83,7.17] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
40-44 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.61 | [0.53,4.87] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
45-49 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2.76+ | [0.84,9.08] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Adolescent | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.74* | [0.55,0.98] | 1.0 | [1,00,1.00] | 0.80 | [0.57,1.13] |
Mother’s age2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] |  |  |
Place of deliveryg | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Public health centre | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.73** |
Private health centre | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.31 |
N | 2450 | Â | 2450 | Â | 2450 | Â | 2450 | Â | 2450 | Â | 1591 | Â |
Log likelihood | −1327.63 |  | −1337.19 |  | −1326.06 |  | −1334.39 |  | −1336.63 |  | −855.25 |  |
Hosmer-Lemeshow | 22.80(0.00) | Â | 19.94(0.01) | Â | 13.22(0.07) | Â | 13.03(0.07) | Â | 12.82(0.08) | Â | 9.73(0.20) | Â |