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Table 5 Univariate and multivariate predictors of vaccination coverage

From: Childhood immunizations in China: disparities in health care access in children born to North Korean refugees

 

Univariate (P < 0.20)

Multivariate (P < 0.10 Model)

Multivariate (P < 0.05 Model)

 

OR

95 % CI

P-value

OR

95 % CI

P-value

OR

95 % CI

P-value

Vaccines

         

DTP

         

Child sex

         

 Female

Ref

        

 Male

0.91

(0.35, 2.38)

0.909

      

Father’s age

         

  < 40

Ref

        

  ≥ 41

1.67

(0.63, 4.43)

0.306

      

Father’s region of origin

         

 Han

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Chinse-Korean (Chosun)

3.60

(0.97, 13.40)

0.056

3.98

(0.96, 16.39)

0.056

   

Father’s educational level

         

 Middle-High

Ref

        

 Elementary

2.67

(0.19, 36.76)

0.464

      

 None

2.76

(0.32, 23.57)

0.353

      

Annual income

         

  < 3000

Ref

        

  ≥ 3000

1.38

(0.52, 3.67)

0.517

      

Sibling

         

 No

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Yes

6.34

(0.79, 50.87)

0.082

5.63

(0.67, 47.28)

0.111

   

Vaccination card

         

 No

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Yes

2.76

(1.01, 7.57)

0.048

1.70

(0.56, 5.11)

0.349

   

Previous miscarriage

         

 Yes

Ref

  

Ref

     

 No

0.30

(0.89, 1.02)

0.054

0.35

(0.09, 1.38)

0.124

   

HBV

         

Child sex

         

 Female

Ref

        

 Male

0.93

(0.39, 2.18)

0.859

      

Father’s age

         

  < 40

Ref

        

  ≥ 41

0.99

(0.41, 2.42)

0.988

      

Father’s region of origin

         

 Han

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Chinse-Korean (Chosun)

2.32

(0.93, 5.79)

0.072

2.55

(0.95, 7.74)

0.067

   

Father’s educational level

         

 Middle-High

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

 Elementary

0.38

(0.03, 5.17)

0.464

0.20

(0.01, 3.01)

0.243

0.28

(0.02, 3.95)

0.343

 None

0.18

(0.02, 1.54)

0.119

0.11

(0.01, 1.00)

0.050

0.14

(0.02, 1.17)

0.069

Annual income

         

  < 3000

Ref

        

  ≥ 3000

0.68

(0.29, 1.63)

0.387

      

Sibling

         

 No

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

 Yes

0.19

(0.04, 0.87)

0.032

0.16

(0.03, 0.78)

0.021

0.16

(0.03, 0.74)

0.019

Vaccination card

         

 No

Ref

        

 Yes

0.84

(0.43, 2.87)

0.836

      

Previous miscarriage

         

 Yes

Ref

        

 No

1.12

(0.33, 3.74)

0.859

      

MMR

         

Child sex

         

 Female

Ref

        

 Male

0.88

(0.26, 2.97)

0.838

      

Father’s age

         

  < 40

Ref

        

  ≥ 41

0.77

(0.22, 2.65)

0.677

      

Father’s region of origin

         

 Han

Ref

        

 Chinse-Korean (Chosun)

1.15

(0.32, 4.17)

0.836

      

Father’s educational level

         

 Middle-High

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Elementary

3.50

(0.28, 43.16)

0.328

3.90

(0.30, 50.59)

0.298

   

 None

4.13

(0.86, 19.79)

0.077

3.50

(0.70, 17.60)

0.128

   

Annual income

         

  < 3000

Ref

        

  ≥ 3000

0.90

(0.26, 3.10)

0.873

      

Sibling

         

 No

Ref

        

 Yes

1.55

(0.37, 6.46)

0.549

      

Vaccination card

         

 No

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Yes

0.34

(0.10, 1.17)

0.087

0.37

(0.10, 1.33)

0.127

   

Previous miscarriage

         

 Yes

Ref

        

 No

2.30

(0.53, 9.96)

0.265

      

POL

         

Child sex

         

 Female

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Male

0.21

(0.04, 1.04)

0.056

0.23

(0.04, 1.34)

0.101

   

Father’s age

         

  < 40

Ref

  

Ref

     

  ≥ 41

2.36

(0.66, 8.42)

0.188

2.49

(0.49, 12.69)

0.272

   

Father’s region of origin

         

 Han

Ref

        

 Chinse-Korean (Chosun)

2.17

(0.44, 10.75)

0.344

      

Father’s educational level

         

 Middle-High

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Elementary

0.29

(0.02, 3.52)

0.328

0.51

(0.02, 11.93)

0.674

   

 None

0.21

(0.04, 1.02)

0.054

0.33

(0.04, 3.08)

0.327

   

Annual income

         

  < 3000

Ref

        

  ≥ 3000

1.32

(0.37, 4.69)

0.671

      

Sibling

         

 No

Ref

        

 Yes

-

-

-

      

Vaccination card

         

 No

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Yes

2.34

(0.65, 8.48)

0.195

1.43

(0.28, 7.33)

0.669

   

Previous miscarriage

         

 Yes

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

 No

0.08

(0.02, 0.33)

<0.001

0.11

(0.02, 0.51)

0.005

0.08

(0.02, 0.33)

<0.001

VAR

         

Child sex

         

 Female

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Male

2.93

(0.56, 15.36)

0.204

1.87

(0.32, 1.99)

0.488

   

Father’s age

         

  < 40

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  ≥ 41

0.31

(0.07, 1.37)

0.122

0.10

(0.01, 0.95)

0.045

0.10

(0.01, 0.95)

0.045

Father’s region of origin

         

 Han

Ref

        

 Chinse-Korean (Chosun)

1.40

(0.31, 6.30)

0.667

      

Father’s educational level

         

 Middle-High

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

 Elementary

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 None

6.90

(1.32, 36.17)

0.022

18.55

(1.67, 205.8)

0.017

21.54

(2.01, 231.3)

0.011

Annual income

         

  < 3000

Ref

        

  ≥ 3000

1.10

(0.25, 4.92)

0.901

      

Sibling

         

 No

Ref

        

 Yes

0.60

(0.07, 5.21)

0.642

      

Vaccination card

         

 No

Ref

        

 Yes

0.64

(0.14, 2.89)

0.561

      

Previous miscarriage

         

 Yes

Ref

        

 No

2.18

(0.39, 12.20)

0.374

      

JE

         

Child sex

         

 Female

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Male

2.10

(0.90, 4.87)

0.085

2.51

(0.98, 6.43)

0.054

   

Father’s age

         

  < 40

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  ≥ 41

0.41

(0.16, 1.00)

0.050

0.36

(0.14, 0.97)

0.044

0.41

(0.16, 1.01)

0.050

Father’s region of origin

         

 Han

Ref

        

 Chinse-Korean (Chosun)

0.87

(0.35, 2.12)

0.751

      

Father’s educational level

         

 Middle-High

Ref

        

 Elementary

2.00

(0.28, 14.20)

0.488

      

 None

1.61

(0.37, 6.93)

0.523

      

Annual income

         

  < 3000

Ref

  

Ref

     

  ≥ 3000

1.81

(0.77, 4.24)

0.172

2.34

(0.91, 6.05)

0.081

   

Sibling

         

 No

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Yes

0.35

(0.12, 1.06)

0.062

0.30

(0.09, 1.04)

0.057

   

Vaccination card

         

 No

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Yes

0.36

(0.13, 0.97)

0.042

0.42

(0.14, 1.25)

0.119

   

Previous miscarriage

         

 Yes

Ref

        

 No

1.93

(0.55, 6.79)

0.307

      

1:3:3:3:1

         

Child sex

         

 Female

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Male

0.49

(0.17, 1.44)

0.192

0.37

(0.18, 1.89)

0.370

   

Father’s age

         

  < 40

Ref

        

  ≥ 41

1.54

(0.54, 4.38)

0.422

      

Father’s region of origin

         

 Han

Ref

        

 Chinse-Korean (Chosun)

1.12

(0.38, 3.75)

0.759

      

Father’s educational level

         

 Middle-High

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Elementary

0.18

(0.02, 2.12)

0.173

0.31

(0.02, 4.81)

0.404

   

 None

0.27

(0.06, 1.13)

0.073

0.45

(0.09, 2.28)

0.337

   

Annual income

         

  < 3000

Ref

        

  ≥ 3000

0.72

(0.24, 2.12)

0.547

      

Sibling

         

 No

Ref

  

Ref

     

 Yes

4.77

(0.59, 38.64)

0.143

2.76

(0.32, 23.73)

0.356

   

Vaccination card

         

 No

Ref

        

 Yes

1.81

(0.61, 5.34)

0.283

      

Previous miscarriage

         

 Yes

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

 No

0.14

(0.04, 0.50)

0.002

0.18

(0.05, 0.69)

0.012

0.14

(0.04, 0.50)

0.002

  1. * - indicates “not able to be calculated”
  2. DTP diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, HBV hepatitis B, MMR measles-mumps-rubella, POL polio, VAR varicella zoster, JE Japanese encephalitis, 1:3:3:3:1 age-appropriate 1 dose of tuberculosis, 3 doses of hepatitis, 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, 3 doses of polio virus and 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccines series, Ref reference
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