Table 4 Findings from the quantitative studies (n = 14)
Author (Year) | Country | Setting | Study population | Average age in years | Type of sexual exploitation or trafficking | % of female sample victimized (95% CI)a [n/total female] | % of male sample victimized (95% CI)a [n/total male] | % total sample victimized (95% CI)a [n/total] | % Perpetrator sample that were military personnel (95% CI)a [n/total] | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amaireh [19] | Jordan | Refugee camps | Syrian refugees living in Jordan | - | Early or forced marriage | 51.3% | 13.0% | 33.2% | - | 67% |
Amowitz [20] | Sierra Leone | Internally displaced persons camps | Heads of households Avg. 34 years | 34 | Sex slavery | 1.5% [15/991] | - | 1.5% [15/991] | - | 80% |
Early or forced marriage | 1.0% [9/991] | - | 1.0% [9/991] | 100% [9/9] | ||||||
Bartels [45] | DRC | Panzi Hospital (specialty hospital for GBV victims) | Sexual violence survivors requesting services, Avg. 35 years | 35 | Sex slavery | 12.0% [573/4778] | - | - | - | 43% |
Bayer [36] | DRC | Rehabilitation centers | Former child soldiers Avg. 15.3 years | 15.3 | Sexual exploitation of combatants | 57.1% [16/28] | 22.0% [31/141] | 27.8% [47/169] | - | 63% |
Betancourt [37] | Sierra Leone, post-conflict regions | Conflict affected regions | Former child soldiers Avg. 16.5 years | 16.5 | Sexual exploitation of combatants | 44.3% [35/79] | 5.0% [9/194] | 16.0% [44/273] | 100% | 67% |
Duroch [21] | DRC | MSF sexual violence clinics | Survivors of sexual violence, Avg. 25.7 years | 25.7 | Sex slavery | 16.6% [408/2462] | 65.1% [67/103] | 18.5% [475/2565] | - | 53% |
Early or forced marriage | 3.5% [86/2462] | 0.0% [0/103] | 4.0% [86/2152] | |||||||
Johnson [38] | Liberia | Conflict affected regions | 1666 adults | - | Sexual exploitation of combatants | 9.1% [80/880] | 15.01% [118/786] | 11.2% [198/1666] | 86.1% [167/194] | 93% |
Johnson [22] | Eastern DRC | Conflict affected regions | Household heads who are 18 years+, Avg. 41 years | 41 | Early or forced marriage | 3.4% (0.0–0.1) [6/202] | 0.0% [0/88] | 2.0% [6/290] | - | 77% |
Sex slavery | 21.1% [52/222] | 19.6% [24/103] | 23.0% [76/325] | |||||||
Kinyanda [23] | Uganda | Internally displaced persons camps | IDPs | - | Sex slavery | 7.9% [45/573] | 1.7% [4/240] | 6.0% [49/813] | 98.0% [49/50] | 73% |
Early or forced marriage | 4.4% [25/573] | 1.7% [4/240] | 3.6% [29/813] | 86.2% [25/29] | ||||||
Klasen [39] | Uganda | Boarding schools for conflict affected youth | Former child soldiers | 14.4 | Sexual exploitation of combatants | 29.4% [47/160] | 22.4% [38/170] | 25.8% [85/330] | 100% | 80% |
Kottegoda [24] | Sri Lanka | Conflict affected regions | Women from various districts | - | Early or forced marriage | 31.0% | - | - | - | 87% |
Nelson [46] | DRC | Panzi Hospital (specialty hospital for GBV victims) | Survivors of sexual violence | - | Paediatric sex slavery (<18 years) | 17.2% [67/389] | - | - | 100% | 67% |
Adult sex slavery | 12.4% [430/3458] | - | - | 100% | ||||||
Okello, [25] | Uganda | Youth organizations and universities | War-affected adolescents, Ages 11–19 years | - | Early or forced marriage | - | - | 11.8% [18/153] | 100% | 97% |
Sex slavery | - | - | 11.1% (17/153) | 100% | ||||||
Vindevogel [40] | Uganda | Former child soldier at rehabilitation centers | Former child soldiers | 14 | Sexual exploitation of combatants | 56.0% [337/654] | 0.0% [0/1,176] | 18.4% (337/1,830) | - | 63% |