Impact of health insurance status among migrants from sub-Saharan Africa on access to health care and HIV testing in Germany: a participatory cross-sectional survey

Müllerschön, Johanna; Koschollek, Carmen; Santos-Hövener, Claudia; Kuehne, Anna; Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline; Bremer, Viviane

doi:10.1186/s12914-019-0189-3

BMC International Health and Human Rights

Table 6 Multivariate analysis on the last consultation of a physician or hospital (within one year = 1, over one year ago = 0), n = 1574

From: Impact of health insurance status among migrants from sub-Saharan Africa on access to health care and HIV testing in Germany: a participatory cross-sectional survey

Variable	%	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
Variable		OR	95% - CI	p-value	aOR	95% - CI	p-value
Sex
Men	75.2%	Ref.			Ref.
Women	84.9%	1.86	1.47–2.35	< 0.001	1.90	1.44–2.50	< 0.001
Age group
18–25 years	76.3%	0.98	0.72–1.34	0.900	1.12	0.77–1.62	0.567
26–35 years	76.7%	Ref.			Ref.
36–45 years	82.1%	1.40	1.00–1.90	0.032	1.21	0.85–1.72	0.293
≥ 46 years	85.0%	1.72	1.22–2.43	0.002	1.87	1.17–2.99	0.009
Length of stay in Germany
≤ 1 year	69.7%	0.57	0.38–0.85	0.006	0.66	0.36–1.20	0.170
1 - < 5 years	77.5%	0.85	0.61–1.18	0.340	0.92	0.61–1.38	0.681
5 - < 10 years	80.2%	Ref.			Ref.
10 - < 20 years	83.3%	1.23	0.86–1.75	0.251	1.08	0.72–1.64	0.707
≥ 20 years	83.8%	1.28	0.84–1.95	0.244	0.96	0.55–1.65	0.869
German language skills
None	73.6%	0.72	0.47–1.10	0.127	1.76	0.91–3.42	0.096
Little	76.9%	0.86	0.61–1.19	0.353	1.14	0.75–1.75	0.541
Satisfactory	82.1%	1.18	0.85–1.65	0.323	1.46	0.99–2.15	0.058
Good	79.6%	Ref.			Ref.
Very good	80.8%	1.08	0.78–1.49	0.639	1.01	0.76–1.59	0.628
Mother tongue	81.0%	1.09	0.49–2.43	0.829	1.02	0.42–2.48	0.973
Religion
Christian	80.5%	Ref.			Ref.
Muslim	79.2%	0.92	0.71–1.21	0.559	1.17	0.85–1.60	0.338
No or other religion	73.9%	0.69	0.44–1.07	0.092	0.82	0.49–1.34	0.421
Education
Other	76.5%	0.71	0.23–2.27	0.553	0.78	0.21–2.92	0.710
No degree or certificate	74.6%	0.64	0.40–1.02	0.059	0.57 00.54	0.34–0.97	0.039
Primary or secondary school	82.1%	Ref.			Ref.
High −/vocational school	79.0%	0.82	0.61–1.11	0.200	0.78	0.54–1.11	0.167
University degree	79.4%	0.84	0.62–1.16	0.255	0.85	0.59–1.24	0.399
Monthly NET income
I do not want to answer	76.8%	0.86	0.60–1.22	0.396	1.09	0.73–1.63	0.675
No income	75.6%	0.80	0.55–1.17	0.250	1.05	0.67–1.67	0.821
< 500 €	78.0%	0.92	0.62–1.36	0.666	1.11	0.70–1.75	0.661
500 € - < 1.000 €	79.4%	Ref.			Ref.
1.000 € - < 2.000 €	82.0%	1.18	0.83–1.69	0.353	1.33	0.89–2.00	0.167
≥ 2.000 €	87.1%	1.74	0.96–3.18	0.067	1.89	0.98–3.65	0.059
Health insurance status
Health insurance card	81.2%	Ref.			Ref.
Medical treatment voucher	79.4%	0.90	0.61–1.32	0.578	1.03	0.62–1.71	0.905
No insurance	60.5%	0.36	0.24–0.53	< 0.001	0.36	0.21–0.60	< 0.001

Significant results are marked bold

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