Table 3 Variables associated with IPV by type among women during the 12 months prior to the survey

Independent variables

Demographics/socio-economics

  Marital status^a

  Married/cohabitant

1.28 (0.82–2.01)

1.19 (0.77–1.85)

0.80 (0.55–1.15)

1.07 (0.66–1.72)

  Divorced/Separated

0.34 (0.17–0.69)

0.99 (0.45–2.17)

0.40 (0.22–0.71)

1.88 (0.92–3.82)

  Widow

0.65 (0.28–1.51)

1.52 (0.61–3.82)

0.46 (0.21–1.03)

0.85 (0.33–2.17)

  Single^c

1

1

1

1

Children at home^a

NA¹

NA¹

NA¹

  Yes

2.69 (1.51–4.79)

  No^c

1

Housing^a

NA¹

NA¹

NA¹

  Non-conventional^d

1.12 (0.58–2.16)

  Conventional^{c, e}

1

Education^a

NA¹

NA¹

NA¹

  Low^f

2.32 (0.92–5.83)

  Middle^g

3.17 (1.31–7.64)

  High^h

3.33 (1.27–8.73)

  Cannot read/write^c

1

Occupational status^a

NA¹

NA¹

NA¹

  Blue-collar worker

0.82 (0.14–4.75)

  Low white-collar worker

0.66 (0.09–4.86)

  Inter/high white-collar worker

0.94 (0.14–6.23)

  Student/other^c

1

Socio-economic status ^a

NA¹

NA¹

NA¹

  Work for othersⁱ

0.60 (0.11–3.28)

  Liberal/own business^j

0.85 (0.15–4.78)

  Domestic/other^k

1.70 (0.32–9.11)

  Student^c

1

Salary/financial resources^a

NA¹

NA¹

NA¹

  Yes

1.70 (0.92–3.16)

  No^c

1

Financial strain^a

NA¹

NA¹

NA¹

  Yes

1.44 (0.83–2.49)

  No^c

1

R^{2 n}

(7.1)

(2.1)

(3.4)

(7.5)

Life-style

BMI^b

NA¹

NA¹

NA¹

1.01 (0.97 1.06)

Drinking^a

  Yes

0.89 (0.60–1.33)

0.93 (0.62–1.40)

1.33 (0.95–1.87)

0.73 (0.49–1.10)

  N0^c

1

1

1

1

Smoking^a

NA¹

NA¹

  Yes

1.43 (0.65–3.14)

2.22 (0.92–5.33)

  No^c

1

1

R^{2 n}

(0.08)

(1)

(2.1)

(2.3)

Controlling behaviours over partner

Control^b

1.03 (1.01–1.05)

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

1.02 (1.00–1.03)

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

R^{2 n}

(12.8)

(16.2)

(15)

(12.6)

Controlling behaviours by partner

Control^b

0.98 (0.97–0.99)

1.03 (1.02–1.04)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.04 (1.03–1.05)

R^{2 n}

(0.05)

(4.1)

(1)

(6.6)

Perpetration

Psychological aggression^a

NA¹

  Yes

4.04 (2.22–7.33)

1.89 (1.10–3.27)

1.95 (0.86–4.42)

  No^c

1

1

1

Physical assault^a

NA¹

  Yes

2.40 (1.22–4.74)

1.31 (0.88–1.94)

1.39 (0.89–2.16)

  No^c

1

1

1

Sexual coercion^a

NA¹

  Yes

0.95 (0.53–1.71)

0.93 (0.57–1.52)

1.95 (1.22–3.11)

  No^c

1

1

Physical assault with injury^a

NA¹

  Yes

0.89 (0.33–2.40)

3.56 (1.55–8.15)

2.02 (1.22–3.32)

  No^c

1

1

1

  R^{2 n}

(29.8)

(42.5)

(31.5)

(25.3)

Victimization

Psychological aggression^a

NA¹

  Yes

8.37 (4.36–16.06)

5.80 (3.24–10.39)

2.81 (1.08–7.35)

  No^c

1

1

1

Physical assault^a

NA¹

  Yes

13.63 (1.65–24.29)

3.71 (2.41–5.70)

10.61 (5.21–21.61)

  No^c

1

1

1

Sexual coercion^a

NA¹

  Yes

8.23 (4.69–14.44)

4.33 (2.70–6.95)

1.14 (0.68–1.93)

  No^c

1

1

1

Physical assault with injury^a

NA¹

  Yes

4.25 (2.01–8.98)

7.54 (4.21–13.53)

1.11 (0.72–1.71)

  No^c

1

1

1

R^{2 n}

(19.9)

(9.2)

(6.5)

(6.2)

Abuse as a child

Psychological abuse^a

  Yes

1.40 (0.51–3.84)

0.94 (0.40–2.24)

1.56 (0.68–3.57)

0.42 (0.18–1.02)

  No^c

1

1

1

1

Physical abuse^a

  Yes

1.51 (1.01–2.25)

0.91 (0.60–1.36)

0.92 (0.65–1.28)

0.69 (0.46–1.04)

  No^c

1

1

1

1

Sexual abuse^a

  Yes

0.84 (0.30–2.34)

0.59 (0.22–1.64)

1.54 (0.66–3.57)

2.28 (0.99–5.21)

  No^c

1

1

1

1

Injury^a

  Yes

0.53 (0.22–1.27)

1.29 (0.58–2.88)

1.71 (0.86–3.41)

1.57 (0.80–3.07)

  No^c

1

1

1

1

R^{2 n}

(0.03)

(0.01)

(0.03)

(0.09)

Total R²

(69.76)

(75.11)

(59.53)

(60.59)