Table 3 Distribution of study outcomes at baseline and endline, by treatment group and effect estimates of past-year intimate partner violence (Intent to Treat Analysis) (N = 934)

Physical and/or Sexual IPV

VSLA Only (Comparison)^a

93 (22.1)

78 (21.0)

--

VSLA + GDG^b

119 (23.2)

100 (20.7)

0.92 (0.58, 1.47)ⁱ

0.72

Physical IPV

VSLA Only (Comparison)^a

65 (15.4)

55 (14.8)

--

VSLA + GDG^b

80 (15.6)

53 (11.0)

0.69 (0.39, 1.21)ⁱ

0.19

Sexual IPV

VSLA Only (Comparison)^a

44 (10.5)

53 (14.3)

--

VSLA + GDG^b

71 (13.8)

68 (14.1)

0.71 (0.40, 1.25)ⁱ

0.24

Economic abuse

VSLA Only (Comparison)^c

113 (27.4)

128 (34.6)

--

VSLA + GDG^d

163 (32.5)

104 (21.5)

0.39 (0.25, 0.60)^j

<0.0001

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

β (95% CI)

p-value

Justification for wife beating

VSLA Only (Comparison)^e

4.5 (4.3)

4.0 (4.0)

-0.97 (-1.66, -0.28)^k

0.006

VLSA + GDG^f

4.9 (4.4)

3.4 (4.0)

Ability to refuse sex

VSLA Only (Comparison)^g

5.7 (1.7)

6.2 (1.5)

VSLA + GDG^h

5.7 (1.8)

6.3 (1.5)

0.10 (-0.19, 0.39)^l

0.49