Barriers to using skilled birth attendants’ services in mid- and far-western Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Determinants of delivery service utilization

Characteristics	Skilled birth attendant utilization
	Bivariate OR (95% CI)	MultivariateOR (95% CI)
Education
Illiterate	1	1
Informal education	1.49 (1.20–1.86)*	1.18 (0.92–1.51)*
Primary school	2.98 (2.25–4.00)*	1.72 (1.25–2.36)*
Secondary school	4.10 (3.17–5.31)*	2.05 (1.52–2.77)*
Intermediate and above	7.75 (5.30–11.33)*	4.41 (2.89–6.72)*
Wealth quintile
Lowest	1	1
Second	0.81 (0.63–1.04)	1.08 (0.81-1.43)
Middle	0.99 (0.76–1.29)	1.19 (0.88-1.61)
Fourth	2.53 (1.96–3.26)*	1.99 (1.49-2.67)*
Highest	2.67 (2.07–3.46)*	1.90 (1.42-2.56)*
Knowledge of danger signs
No	1	1
Yes	2.09 (1.78–2.45)*	1.31 (1.08-1.58)*
Antenatal care visits
< 4 visits	1	1
≥ 4 visits	2.92 (2.44–3.51)*	2.39 (1.97-2.89)*
Distance to health facility
> 30 min	1	1
≤ 30 min	1.87 (1.57–2.21)*	1.25 (1.03-1.52)*

CI confidence interval.
*p < 0.05.
Results are shown for the association between delivery service utilization and various independent variables in mid- and far-western Nepal (n = 2,481).