Table 4 Fixed-effects of multilevel logistic regression
Characteristic | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio | p > |z| | 95% CI | Odds ratio | p > |z| | 95% CI | Odds ratio | p > |z| | 95% CI | |
Interparental violence | |||||||||
Not exposed ref | 1.000 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
Exposed | 5.356 | <0.001* | 3.371 8.509 | 4.487 | <0.001* | 3.047 6.607 | 4.018 | <0.001* | 2.626 6.145 |
Maternal age | |||||||||
15–24 years ref | 1.000 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – | |||
25–34 years | 1.154 | 0.160 | 0.945 1.410 | 1.116 | 0.264 | 0.920 1.353 | |||
35–49 years | 0.898 | 0.328 | 0.724 1.114 | 0.866 | 0.179 | 0.702 1.068 | |||
Maternal education | |||||||||
Low ref | 1.000 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – | |||
Moderate | 1.192 | 0.966 1.470 | 1.113 | 0.302 | 0.908 1.363 | ||||
High | 0.516 | 0.001** | 0.353 0.754 | 0.493 | <0.001* | 0.335 0.724 | |||
Attitudes toward wife beating | |||||||||
Violence not justified ref | 1.000 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – | |||
Violence justified | 1.956 | <0.001* | 1.575 2.429 | 1.861 | <0.001* | 1.484 2.333 | |||
Employment status | |||||||||
Not working ref | 1.000 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – | |||
Working | 1.416 | 0.001** | 1.163 1.724 | 1.439 | <0.001* | 1.179 1.757 | |||
Male dominance in the family | |||||||||
Not male dominated ref | 1.000 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – | |||
Male dominated | 1.182 | 0.068 | 0.988 1.413 | 1.229 | 0.022** | 1.031 1.466 | |||
Partner’s education | |||||||||
Low ref | 1.000 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – | |||
Moderate | 1.103 | 0.335 | 0.903 1.347 | 1.028 | 0.774 | 0.849 1.246 | |||
High | 1.040 | 0.782 | 0.788 1.372 | 0.961 | 0.769 | 0.736 1.254 | |||
Partner drinks alcohol | |||||||||
Does not drink ref | 1.000 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – | |||
Drinks | 6.043 | <0.001* | 3.976 9.185 | 5.133 | <0.001* | 3.220 8.183 | |||
Proportion poorest in community | |||||||||
Low ref | 1.000 | – | – | ||||||
Medium | 1.471 | 0.134 | 0.888 2.439 | ||||||
High | 0.693 | 0.158 | 0.417 1.153 | ||||||
Place of residence | |||||||||
Urban | 1.000 | – | – | ||||||
Rural | 0.972 | 0.873 | 0.691 1.369 | ||||||
Geographical Region | |||||||||
North-central ref | 1.000 | – | – | ||||||
North-east | 3.193 | <0.001* | 1.720 5.929 | ||||||
North-west | 0.079 | <0.001* | 0.035 0.179 | ||||||
South-east | 0.781 | 0.370 | 0.454 1.341 | ||||||
South-south | 0.713 | 0.193 | 0.428 1.187 | ||||||
South-west | 0.531 | 0.018** | 0.314 0.896 | ||||||