Table 2 Multivariate associations between sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, media exposure and IPV among women of reproductive age (15–49 years), Zimbabwe, pooled data from 2005 to 2015
Variables | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c |
|---|---|---|---|
aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
Age | |||
15–19 (ref) | |||
20–24 | 1.04 (0.88–1.2) | 1.01 (0.85–1.1) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) |
25–29 | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) |
30–34 | 0.86 (0.71–1.03) | 0.80 (0.67–0.97)** | 0.76 (0.66–0.87)*** |
35–39 | 0.78 (0.64–0.95)** | 0.72 (0.59–0.89)*** | 0.69 (0.59–0.80)*** |
40+ | 0.68 (0.55–0.83)*** | 0.63 (0.51–0.78)*** | 0.58 (0.49–0.68)*** |
Marital Status | |||
Married (ref) | |||
Cohabiting | 1.32 (1.12–1.57)*** | 1.27 (1.07–1.50)** | 1.26 (1.05–1.51)** |
Number of children | |||
No child (ref) | |||
1–2 | 1.44 (1.28–1.68)*** | 1.43 (1.23–1.68)*** | 1.37 (1.23–1.68)*** |
3–4 | 1.61 (1.35–1.92)*** | 1.60 (1.35–1.91)*** | 1.59 (1.33–1.92)*** |
5+ | 1.93 (1.57–2.36)*** | 1.88 (1.54–2.31)*** | 1.93 (1.55–2.40)*** |
Place of residence | |||
Urban (ref) | |||
Rural | 1.10 (1.02–1.18)** | 0.87 (0.79–0.97)** | 0.85 (0.76–0.96)** |
Religion | |||
Christians (ref) | |||
Moslems | 1.48 (0.90–2.43) | 1.46 (0.90–2.43) | 1.75 (0.98–3.14)* |
Traditionalist | 1.26 (0.95–1.67) | 1.18 (0.89–1.58) | 1.29 (0.95–1.76) |
No Religion | 1.24 (1.09–1.41)*** | 1.24 (1.08–1.41)*** | 1.24 (1.08–1.43)** |
Educational Level | |||
No education (ref) | |||
Primary | 1.10 (0.88–1.37) | 0.96 (0.76–1.22) | |
Secondary and higher | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | |
Employment Status | |||
Not currently employed (ref) | |||
Currently employed | 1.51 (1.40–1.63)*** | 1.50 (1.38–1.62)*** | |
Wealth (Index) | |||
Poorest (ref) | |||
Poorer | 1.10 (0.99–1.23)* | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | |
Middle | 0.89 (0.80–0.98)** | 0.88 (0.79–0.99)** | |
Richer | 0.62 (0.53–0.72)*** | 0.64 (0.54–0.77)*** | |
Media exposure | |||
Newspaper | |||
No exposure (ref) | |||
Less than once a week | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | ||
At least once a week | 0.95 (0.82–1.08) | ||
Radio | |||
No exposure (ref) | |||
Less than once a week | 1.06 (0.95–1.16) | ||
At least once a week | 1.07 (0.98–1.18) | ||
Television | |||
No exposure (ref) | |||
Less than once a week | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | ||
At least once a week | 1.03 (0.90–1.15) | ||
Observations | 13,409 | 13,409 | 13,409 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.0143 | 0.0237 | 0.0341 |
Log Likelihood | − 9033.5425 | − 8946.9156 | − 7871.9548 |